Тренировочное упражнение в формате ЦТ (Часть А).

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.

Most people believe that wolves are dangerous animals. For example, almost all of us think that they (A1) ... for their aggressive behavior. But if we look at the statistics, how many people (A2) ... by wolves in the last decade? Hardly anyone! It might sound surprising, but a rare white wolf (A3) ... recently in the northern part of Canada. The animal, whose eyes are piercing blue, is an arctic wolf.

Local biologists report that the wolf (A4) ... by scientists several years ago, although it is only very recently that he (A5) ... to approach human camps. John Silva, a local ranger, says he (A6) ... the animal on numerous occasions. "I remember the first time I saw him. Before that day I (A7) ... anything so magnificent in my life. He looked unreal," explains John.

Варианты ответов:

A1.

1. know
2. have known
3. had been known
4. are known

A2.

1. have attacked
2. will attack
3. have been attacked
4. are attacked

A3.

1. has been spotted
2. spotted
3. is spotting
4. has been spotted

A4.

1. has first seen
2. first saw
3. was first seen
4. was first seeing

A5.

1. has started
2. was started
3. is starting
4. had been started

A6.

1. has watched
2. is watching
3. was watched
4. has been watched

A7.

1. was never seeing
2. never see
3. was never seen
4. had never seen

Keys:

А1: 4) are known — Пассивный залог в Present Simple ("они известны своим поведением"

А2: 3) have been attacked — Пассивный залог в Present Perfect. Маркер in the last decade (за последнее десятилетие) указывает на связь с настоящим моментом, а люди являются объектом нападения.

А3: 1) has been spotted — Пассивный залог в Present Perfect. Маркер recently (недавно) указывает на результат в настоящем. Волка заметили.

А4: 3) was first seen — Пассивный залог в Past Simple. Маркер several years ago (несколько лет назад) указывает на конкретное завершенное действие в прошлом.

А5: 1) has started — Активный залог в Present Perfect. Маркер it is only very recently that... указывает на связь с настоящим ("он начал приближаться"). Начинать — это активное действие самого волка.

А6: 1) has watched — Активный залог в Present Perfect. Рейнджер сам наблюдал за животным несколько раз к настоящему моменту ("on numerous occasions").

А7: 4) had never seen — Активный залог в Past Perfect. Действие произошло до определенного момента в прошлом ("Before that day I had never seen..." — предпрошедшее время).